Timetable History of Islam
Islam is a religion in which politics and religion cannot be separated. The
Qur’an states:
“Allah has promised those who have believed among you and done righteous deeds that He will surely grant them succession [to authority] upon the earth just as He granted it to those before them and that He will surely establish for them [therein] their religion which He has preferred for them and that He will surely substitute for them, after their fear, security, [for] they worship Me, not associating anything with Me. But whoever disbelieves after that - then those are the defiantly disobedient.” (Qur’an 24:55 – Saheeh International) Therefore it is meaningful to have a look at the historical development of Islamic states. The growth of the number of Muslims is mainly because of conquering territory. However,
Muslims also had success in spreading Islam by trade and significant higher birth rate. Stagnation of the rapid growth of Islam became visible in the 15th century, when Muslim lost more territories.
- 570 – Birth of Muhammad in Mecca
- 595 – Marriage of Muhammad with first wife Khadijah
- 609 – Muhammad recites first message on Mount Hira in a cave, now Qur'an 96
- 610 – Muhammad recites second message, now Qur'an 74
- 613 – Family members of Muhammad convert to Islam
- 613 – Sermon at Mount Safa to promote Islam
- 614 – Many Muslims immigrate to Abyssinia to escape persecution of the Muslims
- 615 – Umar converts to Islam
- 616 – Second immigration of Muslims to Abyssinia
- 622 – Muhammad immigrates from Mecca to Medina (Hijra), start Islamic calendar
- 623 – Constitution of Medina, which marks the start of the Islamic state
- 624 – Removal of the Banu Qainuqa Jews from Medina
- 624 – Direction of prayer is changed from Jerusalem to Mecca
- 624 – Muhammad starts with Muslims raids on Meccan caravans
- 625 – Removal of the Banu Nadir Jews from Medina
- 627 – Muhammad commanded to kill the men of the Banu Qurayza Jews [1]
- 628 – Muhammad signs agreement with Quraish tribe
- 629 – Muhammad’s pilgrimage to Mecca
- 630 – Muhammad conquers Mecca
- 632 – First caliph Abu-Bakr starts military campaign to conquer Arabia for Islam
- 634 – Death first caliph Abu Bakr, successor Umar becomes second caliph
- 635 – Conquest of Damascus
- 636 – Muslim naval raid to Tanah (India)
- 638 – Muslim army conquers Jerusalem
- 641 – Conquest of Alexandria (Egypt)
- 642 – Conquest Egypt
- 642 – Battle of Rayy (Persia)
- 643 – Conquest of Azerbaijan
- 644 – Conquest Western Iran
- 644 – Umar killed, Uthman becomes third caliph
- 647 – Conquest of Cyprus
- 648 – Military campaign against Byzantine empire
- 651 – Conquest of Mesopotamia (Iraq)
- 653 – Standard version of the Qur'an compiled by caliph Uthman
- 654 – Military campaigns in North Africa
- 656 – Uthman killed, Ali becomes fourth caliph
- 656 – Civil war between parts of the Islamic empire
- 657 – Caliph Ali changes capital Islamic empire from Medina to Kufa (Iraq)
- 659 – Conquest of Egypt
- 661 – Ali is murdered, end of caliphate Rashidun
- 661 – Start caliphate Umayyad
- 666 – Muslims attack Sicily (Italy)
- 670 – Conquest part of Tunisia
- 671 – Sanaa manuscript, the oldest Qur’an manuscript in history [2]
- 682 – Conquest parts of Morocco
- 684 – Syrian Army destroyed the Kaaba in Mecca
- 700 – Growth of Islamic sect Sufism
- 700 – Islamic military campaign to Berber tribe in North Africa
- 711 – Muslims invasion of Gibraltar
- 711 – Conquest of Spain
- 725 – Muslim army conquers Nimes (France)
- 732 – Muslim army defeated at Tours (France)
- 839 – Muslim army conquers Southern Italy
- 750 – End Umayyad caliphate, start Abbasid caliphate
- 784 – Start construction great mosque Cordoba (Spain)
- 871 – Muslims lost city of Bari (Southern Italy)
- 883 – Qur'an commentary (Tafsir) of Al-Tabari
- 909 – Start Fatimid caliphate
- 1001 – Conquest of Peshawar (Northern Pakistan)
- 1013 – Berber Muslims kill more than thousand Jews in Cordoba
- 1033 – Berber Muslims kill more than six thousand Jews in Morocco
- 1035 – Muslim military campaigns in West-Africa
- 1091 – Normans from Northern Europe defeat Muslims in Sicily (Southern Italy)
- 1099 – Muslims defeated by European Crusaders in Jerusalem
- 1111 – Death Persian Islamic jurist Al-Ghazali who forced by law that all truth is in the Qur’an
- 1169 – Ayyubid dynasty started to rule Islamic Middle East
- 1206 – Muslim army conquered Delhi
- 1212 – Muslims lost Las Navas de Tolosa in Southern Spain
- 1236 – End of Islamic city Cordoba, removal of all Islamic objects
- 1291 – European Crusaders lost last territory to Muslims in Acre (Israel)
- 1292 – Islam in Sumatra (South East Asia)
- 1260 – Last Ayyubid dynasty territory conquered by Mongols
- 1325 – Foundation of an Islamic state in Bengal (Bangla Desh)
- 1354 – Invasion of Ottoman armies in South East Europe
- 1380 – Muslim Golden Horde army conquers part of Afghanistan
- 1453 – Conquest of Constantinople (Istanbul) by Ottoman army
- 1456 – Conquest by Ottoman army of Southern Romania
- 1462 – Ottoman army conquers Albania
- 1491 – Muslims lost their last Islamic territory in Spain
- 1517 – Ottoman conquest of Egypt
- 1550 – Islam established in Indonesian isles Java, Maluku and Borneo
- 1683 – Muslims of the Ottoman army defeated at Vienna
- 1703 – Birth of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, founder of the Wahhabi movement [3]
- 1718 – Islamic Ottoman empire territories of Serbia and Hungary lost to Austrian empire
- 1798 – French army conquered the Muslim mainland Egypt
- 1804 – Establishment of Islamic State in Northern Nigeria
- 1857 – British army conquers Delhi and marks the end of Muslim rule over India
- 1882 – British rule over Egypt
- 1905 – Start of Islamic reform of Salafi movement
- 1909 – Muslims of the Ottoman empire kill more than 15 000 Christians in Armenia
- 1913 – Muslims of the Ottoman empire kill more than 50 000 people in Bulgaria
- 1918 – Muslims of the Ottoman empire kill more than 200 000 Assyrian Christians
- 1923 – Modern edition of the Qur’an compiled in Egypt [4]
- 1924 – End of Islamic Ottoman empire and de-Islamization as secular state of Turkey
- 1979 – Radical Shia Muslims transformed secular Iran into a theocratic Islamic republic
- 2001 – Muslim terrorist terrorist group Al-Qaeda attacked WTC New York and Pentagon
- 2011 – Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) started to conquer Syria and Iraq
- 2016 – Islam banned in Angola
- 2019 – Islamic State of Iraq and Syria lost last territory
Notes
